Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

What type of research is based entirely on data gathered through sensory observation?

1. Theoretical

2. Empirical

3. Abstract

4. Speculative

The correct answer is: Empirical

The correct choice, which is empirical research, is grounded in the collection of data through direct sensory experience and observation. This approach emphasizes the importance of observable, measurable phenomena, allowing researchers to draw conclusions based on actual evidence rather than pre-existing theories or speculations. Empirical research often involves gathering quantitative data through experiments or qualitative data through observations, interviews, or case studies. Such research is foundational in various disciplines, including healthcare, as it ensures that findings are based on facts and real-world evidence, making it critical for clinical practice and decision-making. In contrast, theoretical research relies on abstract models and concepts rather than direct observations, while abstract research may focus on ideas that are not directly tied to observable phenomena. Speculative research looks to propose theories or hypotheses without necessarily drawing on empirical data, making it less reliable in evidence-based practice.