Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Which condition relates to the reduction in the sense of smell?

1. Phantosmia

2. Anosmia

3. Parosmia

4. Hyposmia

The correct answer is: Hyposmia

Hyposmia refers to a decreased ability to perceive odors, which directly aligns with the question regarding a reduction in the sense of smell. This condition can be caused by various factors, including nasal congestion, neurological disorders, or age-related changes. As individuals age, it's common to experience a gradual decline in olfactory function, which can significantly impact quality of life, as the sense of smell contributes to the enjoyment of food and environmental awareness. In contrast, other conditions related to smell function differ in their characteristics. Anosmia would denote a total loss of the sense of smell, while phantosmia involves the perception of smells that are not present. Parosmia is characterized by distorted smell perception, where familiar odors are perceived differently, often in an unpleasant way. Understanding these distinctions is essential in assessing patients and providing appropriate care and intervention strategies.